Tømrerbier
| tømrerbier | ||||||||||||
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| Xylocopa violacea | ||||||||||||
| videnskabelig klassifikation | ||||||||||||
| Domæne:eukaryoterKongerige:DyrUnderrige:EumetazoiIngen rang:Bilateralt symmetriskIngen rang:protostomerIngen rang:FyldningIngen rang:PanarthropodaType:leddyrUndertype:Tracheal vejrtrækningSuperklasse:seksbenetKlasse:InsekterUnderklasse:vingede insekterInfraklasse:NewwingsSkat:Insekter med fuld metamorfoseSuperordre:HymenopteridaHold:HymenopteraUnderrækkefølge:stilket maveInfrasquad:SvidendeSuperfamilie:ApoideaFamilie:rigtige bierUnderfamilie:XylocopinaeStamme:Xylocopini latreille , 1802Slægt:tømrerbier | ||||||||||||
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| Xylocopa latreille , 1802 | ||||||||||||
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Tømrerbier [1] eller xylocops , eller træreder [2] ( lat. Xylocopa ) er store hårbier fordelt over hele verden.
Beskrivelse
Der er over 500 arter af tømrerbier, grupperet i 31 underslægter [3] . Navnet snedkerbier kommer af, at de bygger deres reder i huler lavet i dødt træ, bambus eller bygninger (bortset fra medlemmer af underslægten Proxylocopa , som rede i jorden). Medlemmer af den nært beslægtede stamme Ceratinini bliver nogle gange omtalt som "små snedkerbier".
Udsigt over Europa
- Xylocopa valga - tømrerbi
- Xylocopa violacea - lilla snedkerbi eller lilla snedkerhumlebi
- Xylocopa amedae Lepeletier , 1841
- Xylocopa cantabrita Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa gracilis Dusmet y Alonso, 1923
- Xylocopa iris (Christus, 1791)
- Xylocopa olivieri Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa uclesiensis Perez, 1901
- † Xylocopa gabrielae
- † Xylocopa senilis Heer
Galleri
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Bi ved indgangen til reden
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Savsmuld fra en tømrerbi-rede
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Japansk tømrerbi
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Lilla snedkerbi ( Xylocopa violacea )
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Xylocopa tabaniformis
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Xylocopa violacea på Lantana camara blomster
Klassifikation
Omkring 500 arter er blevet beskrevet [3] .
- Xylocopa abbotti (Cockerell, 1909)
- Xylocopa abbreviata Hurd & Moure, 1963
- Xylocopa acutipennis Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa adumbrata Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa adusta Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa aeneipennis (DeGeer, 1773)
- Xylocopa aerata (Smith, 1851)
- Xylocopa aestuans ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Xylocopa aethiopica Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa africana ( Fabricius , 1781)
- Xylocopa albiceps Fabricius, 1804
- Xylocopa albifrons Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa albinotum Matsumura, 1926
- Xylocopa alternata Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa alticola (Cockerell, 1919)
- Xylocopa amamensis Sonan, 1934
- Xylocopa amauroptera Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa amazonica Enderlein, 1913
- Xylocopa amedae Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa amethystina (Fabricius, 1793)
- Xylocopa andarabana Hedicke, 1938
- Xylocopa andica Enderlein, 1913
- Xylocopa angulosa Maa, 1954
- Xylocopa anthophoroides Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa apicalis Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa appendiculata Smith, 1852
- Xylocopa artifex Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa aruana Ritsema , 1876
- Xylocopa assimilis Ritsema , 1880
- Xylocopa augusti Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa auripennis Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa aurorea Friese , 1922
- Xylocopa aurulenta (Fabricius, 1804)
- Xylocopa bakeriana (Cockerell, 1914)
- Xylocopa balteata Maa, 1943
- Xylocopa bambusae Schrottky, 1902
- Xylocopa bangkaensis Friese, 1903
- Xylocopa barbatella Cockerell, 1931
- Xylocopa bariwal Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa basalis Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa bentoni Cockerell, 1919
- Xylocopa bequaerti (Cockerell, 1930)
- Xylocopa bhowara Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa biangulata Vachal , 1899
- Xylocopa bicarinata Alfken, 1932
- Xylocopa bicristata Maa, 1954
- Xylocopa bilineata Friese, 1914
- Xylocopa bimaculata Friese, 1903
- Xylocopa binongkona van der Vecht, 1953
- Xylocopa bluethgeni Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa bombiformis Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa bomboides Smith, 1879
- Xylocopa bombylans (Fabricius, 1775)
- Xylocopa boops Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa bouyssoui Vachal , 1898
- Xylocopa brasilianorum ( Linnaeus , 1767)
- Xylocopa braunsi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa bruesi Cockerell, 1914
- Xylocopa bryorum (Fabricius, 1775)
- Xylocopa buginesica Vecht, 1953
- Xylocopa buruana Lieftinck, 1956
- Xylocopa caerulea (Fabricius, 1804)
- Xylocopa caffra ( Linnaeus , 1767)
- Xylocopa calcarata (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa calens Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa californica Cresson, 1864
- Xylocopa caloptera Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa canaria (Cockerell & LeVeque, 1925)
- Xylocopa cantabrita Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa capensis Spinola, 1838
- Xylocopa capitata Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa carbonaria Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa caribea Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa caspari van der Vecht, 1953
- Xylocopa caviventris Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa cearensis Ducke, 1911
- Xylocopa ceballosi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa celebensis (Gribodo, 1894)
- Xylocopa chapini (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa chinensis Friese, 1911
- Xylocopa chiyakensis (Cockerell, 1908)
- Xylocopa chlorina (Cockerell, 1915)
- Xylocopa chrysopoda Schrottky, 1902
- Xylocopa chrysoptera Latreille, 1809
- Xylocopa ciliata Burmeister, 1876
- Xylocopa citrina Friese, 1909
- Xylocopa clarionensis Hurd, 1958
- Xylocopa claripennis Friese, 1922
- Xylocopa cloti Vachal , 1898
- Xylocopa cockerelli Maa, 1943
- Xylocopa codinai Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa colona Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa columbiensis Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa combinata Ritsema, 1876
- Xylocopa combusta Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa concolorata Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa conradsiana Friese, 1911
- Xylocopa coracina van der Vecht, 1953
- Xylocopa cornigera Friese, 1909
- Xylocopa coronata Smith, 1861
- Xylocopa cribrata Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa cubaecola Lucas, 1857
- Xylocopa cuernosensis (Cockerell, 1915)
- Xylocopa cyanea Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa cyanescens Brullé, 1832
- Xylocopa dalbertisi Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa dapitanensis (Cockerell, 1915)
- Xylocopa darwini Cockerell, 1926
- Xylocopa dejeanii Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa dibongoana Hedicke, 1923
- Xylocopa dimidiata Latreille, 1809
- Xylocopa disconota Friese, 1914
- Xylocopa distinguenda Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa ditypa Vachal , 1898
- Xylocopa diversipes Smith, 1861
- Xylocopa dolosa Vachal , 1899
- Xylocopa dormeyeri (Enderlein, 1909)
- Xylocopa duala Strand, 1921
- Xylocopa electa Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa elegans Hurd & Moure, 1963
- Xylocopa erlangeri Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa erythrina Gribodo, 1894
- Xylocopa escalerai Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa esica Cameron, 1902
- Xylocopa euchlora Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa euxantha Cockerell, 1933
- Xylocopa eximia Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa fabriciana Moure, 1960
- Xylocopa fallax Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa fenestrata (Fabricius, 1798)
- Xylocopa fervens Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa fimbriata Fabricius, 1804
- Xylocopa flavicollis (DeGeer, 1778)
- Xylocopa flavifrons Matsumura, 1912
- Xylocopa flavonigrescens Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa flavorufa (DeGeer, 1778)
- Xylocopa forbesii W. F. Kirby, 1883
- Xylocopa forsiusi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa fortissima Cockerell, 1930
- Xylocopa franseni van der Vecht, 1953
- Xylocopa friesiana Maa, 1939
- Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier, 1789)
- Xylocopa fuliginata Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa fulva Friese, 1922
- Xylocopa funesta Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa fuscata Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa gabonica (Gribodo, 1894)
- Xylocopa ganglbaueri Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa gaullei Vachal , 1898
- Xylocopa ghilianii Gribodo, 1891
- Xylocopa gracilis Dusmet y Alonso, 1923
- Xylocopa graueri Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa gressitti Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa gribodoi Magretti, 1892
- Xylocopa grisescens Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa grossa (Drury, 1770)
- Xylocopa grubaueri Friese, 1903
- Xylocopa gualanensis Cockerell, 1912
- Xylocopa guatemalensis Cockerell, 1912
- Xylocopa guigliae Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa haefligeri Friese, 1909
- Xylocopa haematospila Moure, 1951
- Xylocopa hafizii Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa hellenica Spinola, 1843
- Xylocopa hirsutissima Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa hottentotta Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa hyalinipennis Friese, 1922
- Xylocopa ignescens (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa-imitator Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa incandescens (Cockerell, 1932)
- Xylocopa incerta Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa incompleta Ritsema, 1880
- Xylocopa inconspicua Maa, 1937
- Xylocopa inconstans Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa inquirenda Vachal , 1899
- Xylocopa insola Vachal , 1910
- Xylocopa insularis Smith, 1857
- Xylocopa io Vachal, 1898
- Xylocopa iranica Maa, 1954
- Xylocopa iridipennis Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa iris (Christus, 1791)
- Xylocopa isabelleae Hurd, 1959
- Xylocopa javana Friese, 1914
- Xylocopa kamerunensis Vachal , 1899
- Xylocopa karnyi Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa kerri (Cockerell, 1929)
- Xylocopa kuehni Friese, 1903
- Xylocopa lachnea Moure, 1951
- Xylocopa lanata Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa langi (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa lateralis Sig, 1837
- Xylocopa lateritia Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa laticeps
- Xylocopa latipes (Drury, 1773)
- Xylocopa lautipennis (Cockerell, 1933)
- Xylocopa lehmanni Friese, 1903
- Xylocopa lepeletieri Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa leucocephala Ritsema, 1876
- Xylocopa leucothoracoides Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa levequeae Maa, 1943
- Xylocopa lieftincki Leys, 2000
- Xylocopa lombokensis Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa longespinosa Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa longula Friese, 1922
- Xylocopa loripes Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa lucbanensis (Cockerell, 1927)
- Xylocopa lucida Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa lugubris Gerstäcker, 1857
- Xylocopa lundqvisti Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa luteola Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa madida Friese, 1925
- Xylocopa madurensis Friese, 1913
- Xylocopa maesoi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa magnifica (Cockerell, 1929)
- Xylocopa maidli Maa, 1940
- Xylocopa major Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa marginella Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa mastrucata Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa mazarredoi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa mcgregori Cockerell, 1920
- Xylocopa mckeani (Cockerell, 1929)
- Xylocopa meadewaldoi Hurd, 1959
- Xylocopa mendozana Enderlein, 1913
- Xylocopa merceti Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa metallica Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa mexicanorum Cockerell, 1912
- Xylocopa meyeri Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa micans Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa micheneri Hurd, 1978
- Xylocopa mimetica Cockerell, 1915
- Xylocopa minor Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa mirabilis Hurd & Moure, 1963
- Xylocopa mixta Radoszkowski, 1881
- Xylocopa modesta Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa mohnikei Cockerell, 1907
- Xylocopa mongolicus (Wu, 1983)
- Xylocopa montana Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa mordax Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa morotaiana Lieftinck, 1956
- Xylocopa muscaria (Fabricius, 1775)
- Xylocopa myops Ritsema , 1876
- Xylocopa nasalis Westwood, 1842
- Xylocopa nasica Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa nautlana Cockerell, 1904
- Xylocopa negligenda Maa, 1939
- Xylocopa nigrella Hurd, 1959
- Xylocopa nigrescens Friese, 1901
- Xylocopa nigricans Vachal, 1910
- Xylocopa nigricaula (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa nigripes Friese, 1915
- Xylocopa nigrita (Fabricius, 1775)
- Xylocopa nigrocaerulea Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa nigrocaudata Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa nigrocincta Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa nigroclypeata Rayment, 1935
- Xylocopa nigroplagiata Ritsema , 1876
- Xylocopa nigrotarsata Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa nitidiventris Smith, 1878
- Xylocopa nix (Maa, 1954)
- Xylocopa nobilis Smith, 1859
- Xylocopa nogueirai Hurd & Moure, 1960
- Xylocopa nyassica Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa oblonga Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa obscurata Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa obscuritarsis Friese, 1922
- Xylocopa occipitalis Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa ocellaris Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa ocularis Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa ogasawarensis Matsumura, 1932
- Xylocopa olivacea (Fabricius, 1778)
- Xylocopa olivieri Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa ordinaria Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa ornata Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa orthogonaspis Moure, 2003
- Xylocopa orthosiphonis (Cockerell, 1908)
- Xylocopa pallidiscopa Hurd, 1961
- Xylocopa parviceps Morawitz, 1895
- Xylocopa parvula Rayment, 1935
- Xylocopa perforator Smith, 1861
- Xylocopa perkinsi Cameron, 1901
- Xylocopa perpunctata (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa peruana Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa perversa Wiedemann, 1824
- Xylocopa pervirescens Cockerell, 1931
- Xylocopa phalothorax Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa philippinensis Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa pilosa Friese, 1922
- Xylocopa plagioxantha Lieftinck, 1964
- Xylocopa praeusta Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa prashadi Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa preussi Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa provida Smith, 1863
- Xylocopa proximata Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa przewalskyi Morawitz, 1886
- Xylocopa pseudoleucothorax Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa pseudoviolacea Popov, 1947
- Xylocopa pubescens Spinola, 1838
- Xylocopa pulchra Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa punctifrons Cockerell, 1917
- Xylocopa punctigena Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa punctilabris Morawitz, 1894
- Xylocopa pusulata Vachal , 1910
- Xylocopa ramakrishnai Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa rejecta Vachal , 1910
- Xylocopa remota Maa, 1938
- Xylocopa rogenhoferi Friese, 1900
- Xylocopa rotundiceps Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa rufa Friese, 1901
- Xylocopa ruficeps Friese, 1910
- Xylocopa ruficollis Hurd & Moure, 1963
- Xylocopa ruficornis Fabricius, 1804
- Xylocopa rufidorsum Enderlein, 1913
- Xylocopa rufipes Smith, 1852
- Xylocopa rufitarsis Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa rutilans Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa samarensis (Cockerell & LeVeque, 1925)
- Xylocopa sarawatica Engel, 2017 [4]
- Xylocopa schoana Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa scioensis Gribodo, 1884
- Xylocopa senex Friese, 1909
- Xylocopa senior Vachal, 1899
- Xylocopa shelfordi Cameron, 1902
- Xylocopa sicheli Vachal , 1898
- Xylocopa signata Morawitz, 1875
- Xylocopa similis Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa simillima Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa sinensis (Wu, 1983)
- Xylocopa sinensis Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa smithii Ritsema, 1876
- Xylocopa sogdiana Popov & Ponomareva, 1961
- Xylocopa somalica Magretti, 1895
- Xylocopa sonorina Smith , 1874
- Xylocopa sphinx Vachal, 1899
- Xylocopa splendidula Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa stadelmanni ] Vachal, 1899
- Xylocopa stanleyi (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa steindachneri Maidl, 1912
- Xylocopa strandi Dusmet y Alonso, 1924
- Xylocopa subcombusta (LeVeque, 1928)
- Xylocopa subcyanea Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa subjuncta Vachal, 1898
- Xylocopa subvirescens Cresson, 1879
- Xylocopa subvolatilis (Cockerell, 1918)
- Xylocopa subzonata Moure, 1949
- Xylocopa sulcatipes Maa, 1970
- Xylocopa sulcifrons Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa suspecta Moure & Camargo, 1988
- Xylocopa suspiciosa Vachal, 1899
- Xylocopa sycophanta Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa tabaniformis Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa tacanensis Moure, 1949
- Xylocopa tambelanensis (Cockerell, 1926)
- Xylocopa tanganyikae Strand, 1911
- Xylocopa tayabanica Cockerell, 1930
- Xylocopa tegulata Friese, 1911
- Xylocopa tenkeana Cockerell, 1933
- Xylocopa tenuata Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa tenuiscapa Westwood, 1840
- Xylocopa teredo Guilding, 1825
- Xylocopa tesselata Maa, 1970
- Xylocopa thoracica Friese, 1903
- Xylocopa togoensis Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa torrida (Westwood, 1838)
- Xylocopa tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1804)
- Xylocopa tranquebarorum (Swederus, 1787)
- Xylocopa transitoria Perez, 1901
- Xylocopa tricolor Ritsema, 1876
- Xylocopa trifasciata Gribodo, 1891
- Xylocopa trochanterica Vachal, 1910
- Xylocopa truxali Hurd & Moure, 1963
- Xylocopa tumida Friese, 1903
- Xylocopa tumorifera Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa turanica Morawitz, 1875
- Xylocopa uclesiensis Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa unicolor Smith, 1861
- Xylocopa ustulata Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa vachali Perez , 1901
- Xylocopa valga Gerstäcker, 1872
- Xylocopa varentzowi Morawitz, 1895
- Xylocopa varians Smith, 1874
- Xylocopa varipes Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa velutina Lieftinck, 1957
- Xylocopa versicolor Alfken, 1930
- Xylocopa vestita Hurd & Moure, 1963
- Xylocopa villosa Friese, 1909
- Xylocopa violacea ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Xylocopa virginica ( Linnaeus , 1771)
- Xylocopa viridigastra Lepeletier, 1841
- Xylocopa viridis Smith, 1854
- Xylocopa vittata Enderlein, 1903
- Xylocopa vogtiana Enderlein, 1913
- Xylocopa volatilis Smith, 1861
- Xylocopa vulpina Alfken, 1930
- Xylocopa waterhousei Leys, 2000
- Xylocopa watmoughi Eardley, 1983
- Xylocopa wellmani Cockerell, 1906
- Xylocopa wilmattae Cockerell, 1912
- Xylocopa xanti Mocsary, 1883
- Xylocopa yunnanensis Wu, 1982
- Xylocopa zonata Alfken, 1930
Noter
- ↑ Gornostaev G. N. Insekter i USSR. - M . : Tanke, 1970. - 372 s. - (Håndbøger-determinanter for geografen og den rejsende).
- ↑ Træreder // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : i 86 bind (82 bind og 4 yderligere). - Sankt Petersborg. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 Minckley, RL 1998. En kladistisk analyse og klassificering af underslægter og slægter af de store snedkerbier, stammen Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas 9:1-47
- ↑ Engel, MS; Alqarni, AS; Shebl, M.A.; Iqbal, J.; Hinojosa-Diaz, I. A. (2017). "En ny art af tømrerbi-slægten Xylocopa fra Sarawat-bjergene i det sydvestlige Saudi-Arabien (Hymenoptera: Apidae)" . ZooKeys (716): 29-41. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.716.21150 . PMC 5740427 . PMID29290706 . _ Arkiveret fra originalen 2020-05-06 . Hentet 2020-04-30 . Forældet parameter brugt |deadlink=( hjælp )
Litteratur
- Germán Villamizar, Fernando Fernández, Felipe Vivallo. 2020. Synopsis af tømrerbiens underslægt Xylocopa ( Schonnherria ) Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) i Colombia, med udpegning af lektotyper og beskrivelse af to nye arter. Zootaxa bind 4789, nr. 2: 301-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4789.2.2
- Hurd PD Jr. (1956) Noter om underslægterne af den nye verdens snedkerbier af slægten Xylocopa (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum Novitates, 1776, 1–7.
- Hurd PD Jr. (1959) Nogle nomenklatoriale problemer i slægten Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Pan-Pacific entomologen, 35, 135-148.
- Hurd PD Jr. (1978) Et kommenteret katalog over snedkerbierne (slægten Xylocopa Latreille) på den vestlige halvkugle (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 106 s.
- Hurd PD Jr. & Moure, JS (1961) Systematik af tømrerbityperne (slægten Xylocopa Latreille) indeholdt i samlingerne af Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 34, 181-195.
- Hurd PD Jr. & Moure, JS (1963) En klassifikation af de store tømrerbier (Xylocopini) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 29. University of California Press, Berkeley, 365 pp.
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