Stolidobranchia
| Stolidobranchia | ||||||||||
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| Halocynthia roretzi | ||||||||||
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| Domæne:eukaryoterKongerige:DyrUnderrige:EumetazoiIngen rang:Bilateralt symmetriskIngen rang:DeuterostomesType:akkordaterUndertype:hullereKlasse:havsprøjterHold:Stolidobranchia | ||||||||||
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| Stolidobranchia lahille , 1887 | ||||||||||
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Stolidobranchia (lat.) - en løsrivelse af sækdyr fra klassen af ascidianer (Ascidiacea) [2] . Ordenen omfatter både koloniale og solitære dyr. Repræsentanter for ordenen adskiller sig fra andre ascidianer i nærvær af foldede svælgposer.
Titel
Navnet på afdelingen Stolidobranchia er afledt af andet græsk. στολίς, ίδος - "fold" (tøj).
Klassifikation
Ordren omfatter tre familier:
- Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers 1877 [ syn. Hexacrobylidae Seeliger, 1906 ; Caesiridae]
- Anomopera Hartmeyer, 1923
- Asajirus Kott , 1989 [syn. Hexadactylus Monniot & Monniot, 1990 ]
- Bostrichobranchus Traustedt, 1883
- Eugyra Alder & Hancock, 1870 [syn. Eugyrioides Seeliger, 1907 ]
- Fungulus Herdman, 1882
- Gamaster Pizon, 1896
- Minipera Monniot & Monniot, 1974
- Molgula Forbes, 1848 [syn. Anurella Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877 ; Ascopera Herdman, 1881 ; Astropera Pizon, 1898 ; Caesira Flemming, 1822 ; Ctenicella Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877 ; Cystingia MacLeay, 1825 ; Eugyriopsis Roule, 1885 ; Euritteria Huntsman, 1922 ; Gymnocystis Giard, 1872 ; Lithonephria Giard, 1872 ; Lithonephrya Giard, 1872 ; Meristocarpus Pizon, 1899 ; Molgulidium Seeliger, 1907 ; Molgulina Hartmeyer, 1914 ; Syphonotethis Gervais, 1840 ; Xenomolgula Ärnbäck, 1931 ]
- Molguloides Huntsman, 1922
- Namiella Monniot & Monniot, 1968
- Oligotrema Bourne, 1903 [syn. Gasterascidia Monniot & Monniot, 1968 ; Hexacrobylus Sluiter, 1905 ; Sorbera Monniot & Monniot, 1974 ]
- Paramolgula Traustedt, 1835 [syn. Stomatropa ]
- Pareugyrioides Hartmeyer, 1914
- Protomolgula Monniot, 1971
- Rhizomolgula Ritter, 1901
- Pyuridae Hartmeyer 1908 [ syn. Plidaeuridae]
- Bathypera Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Halomolgula Ritter, 1907 ]
- Bathypyura Monniot & Monniot, 1973
- Boltenia Savigny, 1816
- Bolteniopsis Harant, 1927 [syn. Liouvillea Sluiter, 1929 ]
- Claudenus Kott , 1998 [syn. Ctenicella Kott , 1972 ]
- Cratostigma Monniot & Monniot, 1961
- Ctenyura Van Navn, 1918
- Culeolus Herdman, 1881
- Halocynthia Verrill, 1879 [syn. Cynthia Savigny, 1816 ; Holocynthia Verrill, 1879 ; Tethyum Bohadsch, 1761 ]
- Hartmeyeria Ritter, 1913 [syn. Ectorchis Huntsman, 1922 ]
- Hemistyela Millar, 1955
- Herdmania Lahille, 1888 [syn. Rhabdocynthia Herdman, 1891 ]
- Heterostigma Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1924
- Microcosmus Heller, 1877
- Paraculeolus Vinogradova , 1970
- Pyura Molina, 1782 [syn. Cynthiopsis Michaelsen, 1904 ; Forbesella Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage 1892 ; Forbesia Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage, 1892 ; Hyalocynthia Oka, 1930 ; Paracynthia Ärnbäck, 1938 ; Podocynthia Oka, 1929 ; Pyuropsis Michaelsen, 1912 ]
- Pyurella Monniot & Monniot, 1973
- Styelidae Sluiter 1895 [ syn. Botryllidae Giard, 1875 ]
- Alloeocarpa Michaelsen, 1900
- Arnbackia Brewin, 1950
- Asterocarpa Brewin, 1946
- Bathyoncus Herdman, 1882
- Bathystyeloides Seeliger, 1907
- Berillia Brewin, 1952
- Botryllocarpa Hartmeyer, 1909 [syn. Protobotryllus Pizon, 1908 ]
- Botrylloides Milne-Edwards, 1841 [syn. Metrocarpa Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1923 ; Sarcobotrylloides Drasche 1883 ]
- Botryllus Gaertner, 1774 [syn. Alcyonium Pallas, 1766 ; Myxobotrus Oka, 1931 ; Parabotryllus Kott , 1975 ; Polycyclus Lamarck, 1815 ]
- Chorizocarpa Michaelsen, 1904
- Cnemidocarpa Huntsman, 1913 [syn. Azygocarpa Oka, 1932 ; Ypsilocarpa Ärnbäck, 1922 ]
- Dendrodoa MacLeay, 1824 [syn. Styelopsis Traustedt, 1883 ]
- Dextrocarpa Millar, 1955
- Diandrocarpa Van Navn, 1902
- Dicarpa Millar, 1955
- Distomus Gaertner, 1774 [syn. Psilostyela Sluiter, 1927 ]
- Eusynstyela Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Michaelsenia Van Navn, 1902 ]
- Gynandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1900
- Kukenthalia Hartmeyer, 1903
- Metandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Okamia Brewin, 1948 ]
- Monandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Monoandrocarpa Kott , 1972 ]
- Oculinaria Grey, 1868
- Oligocarpa Hartmeyer, 1911
- Pelonaia Forbes & Goodsir, 1841
- Podostyela Harant & Vernières, 1933
- Polyandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904
- Polycarpa Heller, 1877 [syn. Glandula Stimpson, 1852 ; Pandocia Fleming, 1822 ; Paratona Huntsman, 1913 ; Styleoides ]
- Polyzoa Lektion, 1831 [syn. Chorizocormus Herdman, 1886 ; Dictyostyla Oka, 1926 ; Goodsiria Cunningham, 1871 ; Monobotryllus (Agassiz, 1880) ]
- Protostyela Millar, 1954
- Psammobotrus Oka, 1932
- Psammostyela Weinstein, 1961
- Seriocarpa Diehl, 1969
- Stolonica Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage, 1892 [syn. Amphicarpa Michaelsen, 1922 ; Thylacium Alder & Hancock, 1907 ]
- Styela Fleming, 1822 [syn. Botryorchis Huntsman, 1911 ; Clavellinopsis Fewkes, 1889 ; Goniocarpa Huntsman, 1912 ; Katatropa Huntsman, 1912 ; Minostyela Kott , 1969 ; Molstyela Oka, 1934 ; Redikorzevia Oka, 1929 ; Vannamea Oka, 1932 ]
- Symplegma Herdman, 1886
- Syncarpa redikorzev , 1913
- Theodorella Michaelsen, 1922
- Tibitin Monniot, 1983
Fylogeni
Kladogrammet nedenfor afspejler resultaterne af en fylogenetisk analyse af F. Delsuk og kolleger (2018) [1] :
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Noter
- ↑ 1 2 Delsuc F., Philippe H., Tsagkogeorga G., Simion P., Tilak M.-K., Turon X., López-Legentil S., Piette J., Lemaire P., Douzery EJP A phylogenomic framework and tidsskala for komparative undersøgelser af sækdyr (engelsk) // BMC Biology . - 2018. - Bd. 16 , udg. 1 . — ISSN 1741-7007 . - doi : 10.1186/s12915-018-0499-2 .
- ↑ Lambert G., Gittenberger A., Sanamyan K. (2015). Stolidobranchia. Arkiveret 4. november 2013 på Wayback Machine I: Shenkar N., Gittenberger A., Lambert G., Rius M., Moreira Da Rocha R., Swalla BJ, Turon X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Adgang via: World Register of Marine Species 2015-12-23.
Litteratur
- Barnes, Robert D. (1982). hvirvelløse zoologi. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. s. 1042. ISBN 0-03-056747-5 .