Gnafoser
| Gnafoser | ||||||||||||
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| videnskabelig klassifikation | ||||||||||||
| Domæne:eukaryoterKongerige:DyrUnderrige:EumetazoiIngen rang:Bilateralt symmetriskIngen rang:protostomerIngen rang:FyldningIngen rang:PanarthropodaType:leddyrUndertype:ChelicericKlasse:spindlereHold:EdderkopperFamilie:Gnaphosid edderkopperSlægt:Gnafoser | ||||||||||||
| Internationalt videnskabeligt navn | ||||||||||||
| Gnaphosa latreille , 1804 | ||||||||||||
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| Aranea lucifuga Walckenaer, 1802 [1] | ||||||||||||
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Gnaphoser [2] ( latin Gnaphosa ) er en slægt af edderkopper fra familien Gnaphosidae .
Beskrivelse
Kroppen er oval, 3-12 mm lang. De laterale øjne er normalt større end de midterste. Underlæben er længere end dens bredde, afrundet for enden [1] . Rille af chelicerae med takket køl langs bagkanten. Der er ingen fjeragtige hår på kroppen [3] . Undersiden af cephalothorax lys orange til lysebrun. Ben med talrige rygsøjler og lange stel. Tarsi med to tandede kløer. Maven er mørk orange til brun. Hannerne har et mørkt skinnende skjold foran på forsiden af maven [1] .
Økologi
Gnaphoser er overvejende natlige rovdyr, og om dagen forbliver de i shelter under sten og træstammer. Hunnerne findes ofte med karakteristisk fladtrykte ægsække, der kan indeholde op til 250 æg. Arter af slægten Gnaphosa lever i en række forskellige levesteder [1] .
Klassifikation
I kataloget over verdensfaunaen af edderkopper for september 2019 inkluderede slægten Gnaphosa 147 taxa af artsgruppen (arter og underarter) [4] .
- Gnaphosa aborigena Tyschchenko, 1965
- Gnaphosa akagiensis Hayashi, 1994
- Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa altudona Chamberlin, 1922
- Gnaphosa antipola Chamberlin, 1933
- Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2011
- Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003
- Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866)
- Gnaphosa balearicola Strand, 1942
- Gnaphosa banini Marusik & Koponen, 2001
- Gnaphosa basilicata Simon, 1882
- Gnaphosa belyaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833)
- Gnaphosa bithynica Kulczyński, 1903
- Gnaphosa borea Kulczyński, 1908
- Gnaphosa brumalis Thorell, 1875
- Gnaphosa californica Banks, 1904
- Gnaphosa campanulata Zhang & Song, 2001
- Gnaphosa cantabrica Simon, 1914
- Gnaphosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa chiapas Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa chihuahua Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa chola Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988
- Gnaphosa clara (Keyserling, 1887)
- Gnaphosa cortico Simon, 1914
- Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981
- Gnaphosa cyrenaica (Caporiacco, 1949)
- Gnaphosa danieli Miller & Buchar, 1972
- Gnaphosa dege Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa dentata Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa deserta Ponomarev & Dvadnenko, 2011
- Gnaphosa dolanskyi Řezáč, Růžička, Oger & Řezáčová, 2018
- Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879
- Gnaphosa donensis Ponomarev, 2015
- Gnaphosa eskovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa esyunini Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014
- Gnaphosa eucalyptus Ghafoor & Beg, 2002
- Gnaphosa fagei Schenkel, 1963
- Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879
- Gnaphosa fontinalis Keyserling, 1887
- Gnaphosa funerea (Dalmas, 1921)
- Gnaphosa gracilior Kulczyński, 1901
- Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958
- Gnaphosa halophila Esyunin & Efimik, 1997
- Gnaphosa hastata Fox, 1937
- Gnaphosa hirsutipes Banks, 1901
- Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa ilika Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa jodhpurensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977
- Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875
- Gnaphosa kailana Tikader, 1966
- Gnaphosa kamurai Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa kankhalae Biswas & Roy, 2008
- Gnaphosa kansuensis Schenkel, 1936
- Gnaphosa ketmer Tuneva, 2004
- Gnaphosa khovdensis Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014
- Gnaphosa kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
- Gnaphosa koponeni Marusik & Omelko, 2014
- Gnaphosa kuldzha Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa kurchak Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866)
- Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)
- Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953
- Gnaphosa limbata Strand, 1900
- Gnaphosa lonai Caporiacco, 1949
- Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)
- Gnaphosa lucifuga minor Nosek, 1905
- Gnaphosa lugubris (CL Koch, 1839)
- Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963
- Gnaphosa maritima Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa mcheidzeae Mikhailov, 1998
- Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939
- Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897
- Gnaphosa moerens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885
- Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875
- Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895
- Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866)
- Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866)
- Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi Tullgren, 1955
- Gnaphosa namulinensis Hu, 2001
- Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877
- Gnaphosa nordlandica Strand, 1900
- Gnaphosa norvegica Strand, 1900
- Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa ogeri Lecigne, 2018
- Gnaphosa oligerae Ovtsharenko & Platnick, 1998
- Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879
- Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922
- Gnaphosa ovchinnikovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa pakistanica Ovtchinnikov, Ahmad & Inayatullah, 2008
- Gnaphosa parvula Banks, 1896
- Gnaphosa pauriensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977
- Gnaphosa pengi Zhang & Yin, 2001
- Gnaphosa perplexa Denis, 1958
- Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872
- Gnaphosa pilosa Savelyeva, 1972
- Gnaphosa poonaensis Tikader, 1973
- Gnaphosa porrecta Strand, 1900
- Gnaphosa potanini Simon, 1895
- Gnaphosa potosi Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa primorica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa prosperi Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa pseashcho Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa pseudoleporina Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa rasnitsyni Marusik, 1993
- Gnaphosa reikhardi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895
- Gnaphosa rohtakensis Gajbe, 1992
- Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866)
- Gnaphosa salsa Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa sandersi Gertsch & Davis, 1940
- Gnaphosa saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa saxosa Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa sericata (L. Koch, 1866)
- Gnaphosa serzonshteini Fomichev & Marusik, 2017
- Gnaphosa similis Kulczyński, 1926
- Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880
- Gnaphosa snohomish Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa songi Zhang, 2001
- Gnaphosa sonora Platnick & Shadab, 1975
- Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa sticta Kulczyński, 1908
- Gnaphosa stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885
- Gnaphosa stussineri Simon, 1885
- Gnaphosa synthetica Chamberlin, 1924
- Gnaphosa tarabaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875
- Gnaphosa tenebrosa Fox, 1938
- Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878
- Gnaphosa tumd Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001
- Gnaphosa tunevae Marusik & Omelko, 2014
- Gnaphosa tuvinica Marusik & Logunov, 1992
- Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa utahana Banks, 1904
- Gnaphosa wiehlei Schenkel, 1963
- Gnaphosa xieae Zhang & Yin, 2001
- Gnaphosa zeugitana Pavesi, 1880
- Gnaphosa zhaoi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa zonsteini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
- Gnaphosa zyuzini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
Fordeling
Repræsentanter for slægten findes i Holarktis [5] . De nordligste fund blev gjort på 72°15' nordlig bredde [6] .
Noter
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Platnick, NI & Shadab MU En revision af edderkoppeslægten Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) i Amerika // Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: journal. - 1975. - Bd. 155 . - S. 1-66 . Arkiveret fra originalen den 28. april 2018.
- ↑ Seifulina R. R., Kartsev V. M. Edderkopper i Ruslands midterzone: Atlas-determinant. - M. : Fiton +, 2011. - S. 140. - 1000 eksemplarer. — ISBN 978-5-93457-348-6 .
- ↑ Tyshchenko V.P. Determinant for edderkopper i den europæiske del af USSR / administrerende redaktør A.A. Strelkov. - L . : Nauka, 1971. - S. 92 -93. — 281 s.
- ↑ Platnick NI, Norman I. NMBE - World Spider Catalog . Verdens edderkoppekatalog . wsc.nmbe.ch. Hentet 18. september 2019. Arkiveret fra originalen 4. juni 2019.
- ↑ Ovtsharenko VI, Platnick NI & Song DX En gennemgang af de nordasiatiske jordedderkopper af slægten Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae ) // Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: journal. - 1992. - Bd. 212 . — S. 1–88 . Arkiveret fra originalen den 5. juni 2020.
- ↑ Marusik YM, Fomichev AA, Omelko MM En undersøgelse af East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 2. To nye Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 arter fra det vestlige Mongoliet (engelsk) // ZooKeys : journal. - 2014. - Bd. 426 . - S. 1-9 . — ISSN 1313-2989 . - doi : 10.3897/zookeys.426.7898 .