Elliot Cresson medalje
Elliott Cresson - medaljen er en pris for videnskabelig og teknisk præstation uddelt fra 1875 til 1997 af Franklin Institute ( Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA ).
Hun havde status som instituttets højeste pris. Dens prismodtagere var velkendte organisationer og videnskabsmænd, herunder 30 nobelprisvindere. Under medaljens eksistens blev 268 personer tildelt den [1] .
Medaljen er opkaldt efter den amerikanske filantrop Elliot Cresson . I 1848 gav han Franklin Institute 1.000 USD for at skabe en medalje. Medaljen skulle tildeles "for nogle opdagelser inden for kunst og videnskab, eller for opfindelsen eller forbedringen af en nyttig maskine, eller for en ny proces eller kombination af materialer i produktionen, eller for opfindsomhed eller perfekt håndværk" ( engelsk for nogle opdagelse i kunst og videnskab, eller for opfindelsen eller forbedringen af en nyttig maskine, eller for en ny proces eller kombination af materialer i fremstillinger, eller for opfindsomhed færdigheder eller perfektion i håndværket ) [2] .
Medaljen blev første gang uddelt 21 år efter Cressons død.
Siden 1998 er Benjamin Franklin-medaljerne blevet uddelt - et sæt medaljer for præstationer på forskellige områder.
Prismodtagere
- 1875: WGA Bonwill , Fiss, Banes, Erben & Co., Powers & Weightman , W. P. Tatham, Tilman, Benjamin Chu , Joseph Zentmayer
- 1877: John Charlton, P. H. Dudley
- 1878: Henry Bower, Cyrus Chambers, Williams Farr Goodwin
- 1879: Norbert Delandtsheer
- 1880: L. H. Spellier
- 1881: W. Woodnut Griscom
- 1885: Cyprien Chabot, Frederick Siemens
- 1886: Patrick Bernard Delany, Lowe, Tadeusz , Ott & Brewer, Pratt & Whitney Measurement Systems, RH Ramsay, Liberty Walkup
- 1887: Charles F. Albert, Hugo Bilgram, Alfred H. Cowles, Eugene H. Cowles, Thomas Shaw
- 1889: Mergenthaler, Othmar , T. Hart Robertson, George Frederick Simonds, Cowper, Eduard Alfred
- 1890: J. B. Hammond, Hollerith, Herman , Mayer Hayes & Co.
- 1891: Stockton Bates, James H. Bevington, Bradley Allen Fiske, Tinius Olsen, Edwin F. Shaw, Samuel Matthews Vauquelin , George M. Von Culin
- 1892: Philip H. Holmes, Henry M. Howe
- 1893: Clifford H. Batchellor, Frederic Eugene Ives, George E. Marks, Janko, Paul von
- 1894: Tesla, Nikola
- 1895: Henry M. Howe, James Peckover, Lester Pelton
- 1896: Patrick Bernard Delany, Tolbert Lanston
- 1897: Hamilton Young Castner, Elisha Gray, Charles Francis Jenkins, Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad , Joseph Wilckes
- 1898: Wilbur Olin Atwater, Edward Bennett Rosa, Thomas Corscaden, Clemens Hirschel , Henri Moissan
- 1900: American Cotton Company, Louis Edward Levy, Pencoyd Iron Works, USGS , Auer von Welsbach, Carl
- 1901: Diesel, Rudolph , John S. Forbes, A.G. Waterhouse, L.M. Haupt, Mason & Hamlin Company
- 1902: C.E. Acker, Taylor, Frederick Winslow , Maunsel White III
- 1903: G. H. Clam, J. L. Ferrell, Wilson Lindsley Gill, Goldschmidt, Victor Mordechai , Sprague, Frank Julian
- 1904: James Mapes Dodge, Wilson Lindsley Gill, Hans Goldschmidt (kemiker), L.E. Levy, L.D. Lovekin, A.E. Outerbridge Jr., J.C. Parker
- 1905: Elisha Gray, Pupin, Mikhail
- 1906: American Paper Bottle, William Joseph Hammer
- 1907: Baldwin Locomotive Works , JL Borsch, J. Allen Heany, F. Philips, Edwin R. Taylor
- 1908: Romeyn Beck Hough, Malle, Anatole
- 1909: Skłodowska-Curie, Marie og Curie, Pierre , Wolfgang Gaede, James Gayley, The Lumiere Brothers , Georges Owen Squier, Benjamin Talbot, WV Turner Luftdruck-Bremse, Underwood Typewriter Company , Alexis Vernasz, H. A. Wise Wood
- 1910: Automatic Electric Company, John Brashear, Peter Cooper-Hewitt, John Fritz, Hadfield, Robert Abbot , Rutherford, Ernest , Thomson, Joseph John , Weston, Edward , Harvey Washington Wiley
- 1912: Bell, Alexander Graham , Crookes, William , Alfred Noble, Morley, Edward Williams , Michelson, Albert Abraham , Roscoe, Henry Enfield , Samuel Wesley Stratton, Thomson, Elihu , Bayer, Adolf
- 1913: Berliner, Emil , Fischer, Herman Emil , Ramsay, William , Isham Randolph, Strutt, John William (Lord Rayleigh) , Albert Sauveur, Steinmetz, Charles Proteus
- 1914: Josef Maria von Eder, Linde, Carl von , Edgar Fachs Smith , Orville Wright
- 1915: Michael Joseph Owens
- 1916: American Telephone & Telegraph, Byron E. Eldred, Robert Gans
- 1917: Edwin Fitch Northrup
- 1918: Lewis, Isaac Newton
- 1920: William Le Roy Emmet
- 1923: Forest, Lee de , Raymond D. Johnson, Albert Kingsbury
- 1925: Francis Hodgkinson
- 1926: Hale, George Ellery , Charles S. Hastings
- 1927: Miller, Dayton Clarence , Edward Leamington Nichols
- 1928: Gustaf W. Elmen, Henry Ford , Vladimir Karapetov , Charles Lawrance
- 1929: James Irvine , Chevalier Jackson, Sperry, Elmer
- 1930: Norman Rothwell Gibson, Irving Edwin Moultrop
- 1931: Davisson, Clinton Joseph , Germer, Lester Halbert , Honda, Kotaro , Theodore Lyman
- 1932: Bridgeman, Percy Williams , Charles Legeyt Fortescue, John B. Whitehead
- 1933: Bauersfeld, Walter , Cierva, Juan de la
- 1934: Stuart Ballantine, Union Switch & Signal
- 1936: George O. Curme, Jr., Graaf, Robert Van de
- 1937: Anderson, Carl David , Bowie, William , Jacques E. Brandenberger , Giok, William Francis , Lawrence, Ernest Orlando
- 1938: Land, Edwin Herbert
- 1939: Boys, Charles Vernon , George Ashley Campbell, John Renshaw Carson
- 1940: Frederick M. Backet, Robert R. Williams
- 1941: US Navy
- 1942: Claude Hudson, Rabi, Isidore Isaac
- 1943: Charles Metcalf Allen
- 1944: Adams, Roger
- 1945: Stanford Caldwell Hooper, Lewis Ferry Moody
- 1946: Gladeon M. Barnes
- 1948: Colpitz, Edwin Henry
- 1950: Basil Schonland
- 1952: Edward C. Molina, H. Birchard Taylor
- 1953: William Blum, George R. Harrison, William Frederick Meggers
- 1955: Frank Philip Bowden
- 1957: Libby, Willard Frank , Reginald James Seymour Pigott, Watson-Watt, Robert
- 1958: Joseph C. Patrick, Timoshenko, Stepan Prokofievich
- 1959: John Hays Hammond, Henry Charles Harrison, Irving Wolff
- 1960: Hugh Latimer Dryden, Arpad Ludwig Nadai, William Francis Gray Swann
- 1961: Glaser, Donald Arthur , Mössbauer, Rudolf Ludwig , Reinhold Rudenberg, Van Allen, James
- 1962: James Gilbert Baker, Brown, Werner von
- 1963: Christophilos, Nicholas , Reber, Grout
- 1964: Waldo Semon, Richard V. Southwell, Wilson, Robert Rathbun
- 1965: Van Slyke, Donald Dexter
- 1966: Everitt P. Blizard, Mark, Herman Francis
- 1968: Bartlett, Neil
- 1969: Henry Eyring , Peter Karl Goldmark
- 1970: Walter Zinn
- 1971: Flory, Paul John , Van Vleck, John Hasbrouck
- 1972: Josephson, Brian David , Lear, William
- 1973: Sandage, Allan Rex , John Stapp
- 1974: Theodore L. Cairns, Dicke, Robert , Hagen-Smith, Arie Jean , Rossi, Bruno
- 1975: Mildred Cohn , James Lighthill
- 1976: Lederman, Leon Max
- 1978: Brown, Herbert Charles , Frank Stillinger
- 1979: Weinberg, Steven
- 1980: Giacconi, Riccardo
- 1981: Hubbert, Marion King
- 1982: Harold P. Eubank, Edgar Bright Wilson
- 1984: Elizabeth F. Neufeld
- 1985: Robert N. Clayton, Sakharov, Andrey Dmitrievich
- 1986: Kadanov, Leo
- 1987: Binnig, Gerd Carl , Rohrer, Heinrich
- 1988: Harry George Drickamer
- 1989: Lorenz, Edward Norton
- 1990: Marlan Scully
- 1991: Aaronov, Yakir , Bohm, David
- 1992: Lap Chee Tsui
- 1995: Marvin H. Caruthers, Cho, Alfred
- 1997: Irwin Fridovich, Joe M. McCord
Noter
- ↑ Liste over prismodtagere på Franklin Institutes hjemmeside . Hentet 4. april 2015. Arkiveret fra originalen 15. august 2020.
- ↑ Biografi om Elliot Cresson på Franklin Institutes hjemmeside . Franklin Institute. Dato for adgang: 20. oktober 2017. Arkiveret fra originalen den 28. maj 2010.